根據試題統計,動詞語法占語法考題中的50%左右,其內容主要包括動詞的時態、語態、要掌握英語的時態和語態,必須掌握好英語中的助動詞(do, be, have)和時間狀語這兩個核心問題。現將各考點分別歸納如下。
1. 一般現在時
主要用來表示人、事物的現在狀況和特點;表示經常或習慣性的動作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語;表示客觀規律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考點一:表示永恒的真理,即使出現在過去的語境中,仍用一般現在時。如:
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,代替一般將來時,常用的引導詞有:
時間:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year
條件:if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考點三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +賓語從句中,從句用一般現在時代替一般將來時。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。
考點四:在the more… the more … (越…越…) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現在時。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2. 現在進行時
表說話時或目前一段時間內正在進行的活動;與頻率副詞,如always,constantly,continually,again等連用,表示說話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。
We are having English class. The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考點一:在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考點二:表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作(這時多有表示將來的時間狀語)。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3. 現在完成時
表示動作發生在過去,完成在過去,但強調與現在情況仍有聯系,其結果或影響仍存在。現在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語。
考點一:for + 時間段;since + 時間點
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years.
考點二:常見的不確定的時間狀語:lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days
Has it stopped raining yet?
考點三:在表示“最近幾世紀/年/月以來……”時間狀語中,謂語動詞用現在完成時。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等
In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.
考點四:表示“第幾次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞+that” 后面用現在完成時。
This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.